Asphalt Equipment Manufacturers

Aggregate moisture in a concrete batching plant directly affects both the actual water entering the mix and the wet mass of aggregate that needs to be weighed. Sand and coarse aggregate stockpiles can contain different amounts of water depending on rainfall, drainage, washing, temperature and storage conditions. If this water is ignored, the total water entering the mixer can differ significantly from the value specified in the concrete mix design.

Aggregate moisture in a concrete batching plant is particularly important for controlling the effective water-to-binder ratio. Mix designs are commonly referenced to aggregates in the saturated surface-dry, or SSD, condition. If the aggregate is wetter than SSD, free surface water enters the mix with the aggregate. If it is drier than SSD, the aggregate may absorb part of the mixing water. Moisture measurement is therefore a production input used to correct both aggregate batch weights and added water.

What Is Aggregate Moisture?

Aggregate moisture is the water contained on the surface and within the pores of aggregate particles. For concrete production, it is important to distinguish where that water is held.

Aggregate condition is commonly described as:

• Oven dry
• Air dry
• Saturated surface dry, SSD
• Wet or surface moist

In the SSD condition, the permeable pores are filled with water but there is no free water on the particle surface. In a wet condition, additional surface water is present and can enter the concrete as part of the mixing water.

This distinction is essential because aggregate absorption and free surface moisture are not the same thing.

Polygonmach concrete batching plants combine aggregate storage, batching, cement handling, water dosing and control equipment within one production system. Moisture correction is one of the controls used to adapt a design recipe to the actual condition of the materials being batched.

What Is the Difference Between Aggregate Absorption and Moisture Content?

Absorption describes the amount of water an initially dry aggregate can hold within its permeable pores. Total moisture content describes the amount of evaporable water actually present at the time of testing.

If total moisture is higher than absorption, the difference represents free surface moisture. If total moisture is below absorption, the aggregate has not reached the SSD condition and may absorb water from the concrete.

When both values are expressed on the same oven-dry mass basis, the relationship can be simplified as:

Free moisture (%) = Total moisture (%) − Absorption (%)

The calculation basis matters. Laboratory data and batching software need to use compatible definitions, otherwise the correction can be wrong even when the measured values are accurate.

What Does SSD Mean and Why Is It Used as a Reference?

SSD means saturated surface dry. In this state, the aggregate pores are saturated while the external surface carries no free water.

Using SSD as a reference simplifies mix proportioning because the aggregate is assumed neither to contribute free water nor to remove effective water from the mixture.

Stockpiled aggregate is rarely at exact SSD condition. Moisture correction converts the actual wet or dry condition into the equivalent quantities required by the design.

How Does Aggregate Moisture Change the Water Added to Concrete?

The target effective mixing water is a fundamental part of workability and water-to-binder ratio control. When wet aggregate contributes free water, the amount of separately dosed water needs to be reduced.

For example, if a batch is designed for 175 kg of effective water and the aggregates contribute 30 kg of free surface water, only about 145 kg should be added through the water dosing system.

If the full 175 kg is added without correction, effective water may rise to about 205 kg.

This can:

• Increase the water-to-cement or water-to-binder ratio
• Increase slump
• Change segregation and bleeding behaviour
• Reduce compressive strength
• Increase permeability
• Create batch-to-batch consistency problems

A small percentage change in sand moisture can therefore represent a substantial amount of water in a cubic metre of concrete.

How Does Moisture Affect the Aggregate Batch Weight?

Moisture correction also applies to aggregate mass. Part of the weight of wet aggregate is water. If the design is based on SSD aggregate mass, the actual wet quantity placed on the scale needs to be corrected.

Consider a design requiring 750 kg of SSD sand, with 1% absorption and 5% total moisture, both on an oven-dry basis.

The equivalent oven-dry aggregate mass is approximately:

Oven-dry sand ≈ 750 / 1.01 = 742.6 kg

At 5% total moisture, the wet mass to be batched is approximately:

Wet sand ≈ 742.6 × 1.05 = 779.7 kg

The free water carried above SSD is approximately:

Free water ≈ 742.6 × (0.05 − 0.01) = 29.7 kg

The batching plant therefore needs to weigh about 779.7 kg of wet sand while subtracting about 29.7 kg from the separately dosed water.

This shows the two-sided nature of moisture correction: wet aggregate batch weight increases while added water decreases.

What Happens If Aggregate Is Drier Than SSD?

If aggregate is below SSD condition, its pores are not fully saturated and it may absorb some of the mixing water after batching.

If that absorption demand is ignored, effective mixing water can decrease and the concrete may become stiffer than expected. Slump, pumpability and finishing behaviour can change.

The correction should again be based on measured moisture, absorption and the reference condition used by the mix design.

Why Is Sand Moisture Often More Critical Than Coarse Aggregate Moisture?

Fine aggregate, particularly sand, can show rapid moisture changes because of its large surface area and stockpile behaviour. Rainfall or washing can increase surface moisture quickly.

Sand is also used in large quantities. A relatively small percentage change can therefore correspond to many kilograms of water per cubic metre.

For example, with roughly 750 kg of oven-dry equivalent sand, an increase in free moisture from 3% to 5% represents about 15 kg/m³ of additional water. Without correction, that change can alter slump and the effective water-to-binder ratio within the same production shift.

Coarse aggregate moisture also requires correction, but sand moisture often deserves particularly close attention during daily production.

How Is Aggregate Moisture Measured?

Aggregate moisture can be determined by laboratory methods or monitored with sensors integrated into production.

Common approaches include:

• Oven-drying methods
• Rapid moisture tests
• Microwave or dielectric moisture sensors
• Sensors installed near bin discharge or on material flow
• Regular manual sampling

Oven drying provides a useful reference measurement but takes time. Online sensors can provide more frequent data, while their reliability depends on installation location, calibration, aggregate type and maintenance.

Sensor readings should therefore be periodically checked against a reference method rather than assumed to remain correct indefinitely.

Where Can a Moisture Sensor Be Installed?

The sensor should measure material that is representative of the aggregate actually entering production.

Depending on the technology, measurements may be taken:

• Near the aggregate bin outlet
• On the feed belt
• In the material stream before weighing

The sensor should maintain suitable contact with the material while being protected from excessive mechanical impact and build-up. Calibration needs to match the aggregate type and measurement principle.

Why Should Moisture Be Rechecked After Rain?

Rain can change the moisture of open sand stockpiles quickly. The outside of a stockpile may be much wetter than material deeper inside, and loader movements can cause the moisture entering the bin to vary throughout the shift.

After significant weather changes, useful checks include:

• Remeasuring sand and coarse aggregate moisture
• Updating moisture values in the control system
• Monitoring material coming from different parts of the stockpile
• Checking early batches for slump consistency
• Recalculating water correction when necessary

The objective is not to compensate by adding water randomly at the mixer or on site. The first step is to verify the actual water already entering with the aggregate.

How Does Moisture Affect the Water-Cement Ratio?

The water-cement ratio is a fundamental design variable for concrete strength and durability. If free aggregate water is ignored, the actual amount of water increases while cement content remains unchanged.

For example, a mix with 350 kg of cement and 175 kg of effective water has a design water-cement ratio of:

175 / 350 = 0.50

If 25 kg of free aggregate water is not accounted for, effective water becomes about 200 kg:

200 / 350 ≈ 0.57

This is not simply a slump adjustment. It is a change in the actual mix proportion that can affect hardened concrete performance.

How Does Aggregate Moisture Affect Slump?

If additional free water enters with wet aggregate and is not corrected, concrete will generally become more fluid and slump may increase.

Slump is not controlled by water alone. Aggregate grading, temperature, admixture dosage, cement characteristics and mixing time also matter. However, unexpected changes in slump should prompt a check of aggregate moisture and total water accounting.

Low slump can also result when aggregates are drier than SSD and absorb part of the mixing water.

How Does Batching Plant Automation Apply Moisture Correction?

Modern batching controls can store a moisture value for each aggregate fraction. The software converts the reference aggregate quantity into the required wet batch mass and adjusts separately dosed water for the free moisture carried by the aggregates.

A simplified sequence is:

1. The recipe contains aggregate quantities at the defined reference condition.
2. Current moisture is entered manually or received from a sensor.
3. The control system calculates the wet aggregate target.
4. Free water contributed by the aggregate is calculated.
5. Water dosing is corrected accordingly.
6. Actual batch values are recorded.

Automation reduces the need for manual calculation, but it cannot correct bad input data. Incorrect sensor calibration can cause the same error to be repeated automatically across many batches.

Stationary concrete batching plants use controlled batching and weighing systems to maintain repeatable production. Moisture correction is part of the broader task of coordinating aggregate and water dosing with the specified mix.

How Often Should Aggregate Moisture Be Updated?

There is no single measurement frequency suitable for every plant. The interval depends on weather, whether stockpiles are covered, whether aggregate is washed and how quickly material moves through the site.

More frequent checks may be useful:

• After rainfall
• When a new aggregate delivery arrives
• When washed aggregate is introduced
• When loading moves to a different part of the stockpile
• During strong daily temperature changes
• When unexplained slump variation appears
• When sensor and laboratory measurements disagree

The purpose is to measure often enough to capture meaningful changes rather than simply following a fixed timetable.

What Problems Can Incorrect Moisture Values Cause?

If the entered moisture value is lower than reality, the plant may fail to subtract enough aggregate water and the mix can receive excess water. If the entered value is too high, too much water may be withheld and the concrete can become too dry.

Potential production effects include:

• Variable slump
• Water-to-binder ratio deviations
• Variable strength results
• Changes in pumpability
• Finishing difficulties
• Segregation or bleeding
• Unnecessary water or admixture adjustments
• Differences between design and batch records

Aggregate moisture is not the only possible cause of these problems, but it should be checked before operators repeatedly adjust other parts of the recipe.

How Does Stockpile Management Affect Moisture?

Moisture control starts at the stockyard. Drainage, covered storage, separation of aggregate fractions and consistent loader practice can reduce unnecessary variation.

For fine aggregate in particular, good practice may include:

• Preventing standing water around stockpiles
• Reducing water migration from the ground
• Avoiding uncontrolled use of extremely wet surface material
• Keeping different aggregate fractions separated
• Feeding bins consistently

Automation can compensate for measured moisture, but highly variable raw material is harder to control. Better stockpile management reduces the amount of correction the batching system needs to make.

Does the Concrete Mix Need to Be Redesigned Every Time Moisture Changes?

No. A change in moisture normally requires a batching correction, not a complete redesign of the concrete mix.

The target binder content, effective water and reference aggregate quantities remain the basis of the mix. Actual wet aggregate weights and added water are adjusted to maintain those targets.

If the aggregate source, grading, absorption or mineralogical properties change, the issue goes beyond routine moisture correction and the mix design may need to be reviewed.

Which Plant Systems Are Important for Moisture Control?

Reliable moisture correction depends on more than a sensor. Aggregate weighing, water dosing, recipe management and batch reporting need to work together.

Important systems include:

• Separate aggregate bins
• Accurate aggregate weighing
• Calibrated water dosing
• Recipe management
• Moisture values for individual aggregate fractions
• Batch records
• Regular scale and sensor calibration

Polygonmach offers different concrete batching plant configurations with aggregate storage, batching and control equipment arranged according to plant type and capacity. If your aggregate fractions, production target and automation requirements are already defined, you can share those project details with Polygonmach to evaluate the plant configuration.

Frequently Asked Questions About Aggregate Moisture in Concrete Batching Plants

Why does aggregate moisture affect a concrete mix?

Because wet aggregate contributes water to the mixer, while aggregate below SSD may absorb part of the mixing water.

What does SSD mean?

SSD means saturated surface dry. The permeable pores are filled with water, but there is no free water on the aggregate surface.

Are moisture content and absorption the same?

No. Absorption describes pore water capacity, while moisture content describes the water actually present in the aggregate at the time of measurement.

How is free moisture calculated?

When both values use the same oven-dry mass basis, free moisture can be approximated as total moisture minus absorption.

Why is sand moisture important?

Sand is used in large quantities and its surface moisture can change quickly. Small percentage changes can therefore represent a substantial amount of water.

Should the mix design be changed after rain?

The design itself is normally retained. Wet aggregate batch weights and separately dosed water are corrected using updated moisture values.

Can concrete be produced without moisture sensors?

Yes. Moisture correction can be based on manual or laboratory measurements. Sensors mainly allow more frequent and automated updates.

Do moisture sensors require calibration?

Yes. Sensor readings should be checked against representative aggregate and a suitable reference method.

Does aggregate moisture change slump?

It can, particularly when free water is not correctly accounted for. Other factors such as temperature, admixtures and grading also influence slump.

Can aggregate moisture affect compressive strength?

Yes. If moisture correction errors change the actual water-to-binder ratio, hardened concrete strength and durability can be affected.

Asphalt mix design is the process of selecting aggregate gradation, binder content, mineral filler and, where required, additives so that the final mixture meets defined requirements for strength, volumetric properties, workability and service performance. The goal is not simply to maximise strength. The mixture must also remain workable during production and paving, resist permanent deformation under traffic and maintain an appropriate internal void structure after compaction.

Asphalt mix design is therefore more than selecting one binder percentage from laboratory results. Aggregate gradation, specific gravity, absorption, binder properties, specimen preparation and project criteria all influence the design. The Marshall method is a long-established approach for evaluating dense-graded asphalt mixtures by comparing stability, flow and volumetric properties of compacted specimens prepared at different binder contents.

Why Is Asphalt Mix Design Necessary?

Combining aggregate and binder at an asphalt plant does not automatically produce a suitable pavement mixture. Component proportions must support expected traffic loading, temperature range, moisture exposure and field compaction.

Key objectives include:

• Creating an appropriate aggregate skeleton
• Providing sufficient binder coating
• Achieving the target air-void range
• Controlling voids in mineral aggregate
• Evaluating voids filled with asphalt
• Providing sufficient resistance to deformation
• Avoiding excessively brittle or overly plastic behaviour
• Producing a mixture that can be manufactured and compacted consistently

These objectives interact. Increasing binder content may improve workability and reduce air voids, while excessive binder can increase deformation risk. Changes in aggregate gradation can alter void structure and binder demand.

Polygonmach asphalt plants and bitumen processing solutions include different plant configurations and production equipment. Reproducing the laboratory design at full scale depends on accurate proportioning, temperature control and mixing.

What Is the Marshall Method?

The Marshall method compares compacted specimens prepared with the same aggregate blend and different binder contents.

The assessment generally considers:

• Marshall stability
• Marshall flow
• Bulk density or bulk specific gravity
• Air voids, Va
• Voids in mineral aggregate, VMA
• Voids filled with asphalt, VFA
• Binder content

ASTM D6927 covers Marshall stability and flow measurements on compacted asphalt specimens within the scope defined by the standard. The results are interpreted together with density and volumetric properties for mix design and evaluation.

The method should therefore not be reduced to selecting the binder content associated with the highest stability.

What Information Is Required Before Testing?

The aggregate blend and binder need to be characterised before the specimen series is prepared.

Typical input data include:

• Sieve analysis of each aggregate fraction
• Aggregate specific gravities
• Aggregate absorption
• Target combined gradation
• Mineral filler content
• Binder grade
• Binder specific gravity
• Project specification limits
• Compaction procedure

Aggregate gradation is particularly important because the balance between coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler affects the internal skeleton, void structure and binder demand.

How Are Trial Binder Contents Selected?

Several binder contents are selected around the expected optimum region so that changes in stability, density and volumetric properties can be observed.

The following should remain consistent across the series:

• Aggregate gradation
• Weighing accuracy
• Specimen preparation
• Mixing temperature
• Compaction temperature
• Compaction effort

If these conditions vary between specimens, the effect of binder content becomes difficult to isolate.

How Are Marshall Specimens Prepared?

Aggregate fractions are weighed according to the target gradation and brought to the required preparation temperature. Binder is added at the selected content, the mixture is blended and placed in a Marshall mould before compaction.

A typical sequence is:

1. Weigh aggregate fractions to the target gradation.
2. Bring aggregate and binder to the required preparation temperatures.
3. Add the selected binder content.
4. Mix until the aggregate is uniformly coated.
5. Place the mixture in the mould.
6. Apply the specified compaction procedure.
7. Allow the specimen to cool as required.
8. Prepare it for dimensional, mass and density measurements.

Compaction effort needs to remain consistent because it directly influences density, air voids and stability.

What Is Marshall Stability?

Marshall stability is the peak or defined resistance measured during the standard loading procedure. It is used as one indicator of the mixture's resistance to deformation under the test conditions.

Stability is affected by aggregate type, gradation, binder grade, binder content, compaction, density and test temperature.

A high stability value alone does not guarantee a durable or workable mixture. It must be considered with flow and volumetric results.

What Is Marshall Flow?

Marshall flow represents deformation measured during the stability test. It provides information about how the mixture changes shape under load.

Excessively high flow may indicate overly plastic behaviour, while very low flow can be associated with excessive stiffness. Acceptance ranges depend on the applicable specification.

Why Are Air Voids Important?

Compacted asphalt contains a controlled amount of air space. Very low air voids can increase the risk of bleeding and rutting, while excessive air voids can increase permeability, oxidation and moisture-related deterioration.

The selected binder content therefore needs to satisfy the project's target air-void range.

What Are VMA and VFA?

VMA represents the intergranular space between aggregate particles in the compacted mixture. This space contains effective binder and air.

VFA expresses the proportion of VMA occupied by asphalt binder.

These parameters help determine whether the aggregate structure provides sufficient space for binder while retaining the required air voids.

How Is the Optimum Binder Content Selected?

The optimum binder content is selected by evaluating the full set of laboratory results.

The assessment includes:

• Stability
• Flow
• Density
• Air voids
• VMA
• VFA
• Specification limits

Results are commonly plotted against binder content to identify the region in which the required criteria are satisfied. Maximum stability alone does not define the optimum.

How Is the Laboratory Design Transferred to the Asphalt Plant?

The laboratory mixture must be reproduced using actual production aggregates and full-scale plant equipment. The laboratory recipe is translated into feed proportions, weighing, temperature control, binder dosing, filler dosing and mixing parameters.

In stationary batch type hot mix asphalt plants, aggregate fractions can be separately fed, dried, classified and weighed before binder and filler are introduced.

Important production controls include:

• Cold-feed proportions
• Dryer discharge temperature
• Hot aggregate gradation
• Scale calibration
• Binder dosage
• Filler dosage
• Mixing time
• Final mix temperature

If plant gradation differs from the laboratory design, the designed volumetric properties may not be reproduced consistently.

How Does the Asphalt Mixer Affect Quality?

Correctly dosed materials still need to be blended uniformly. Poor binder distribution or inadequate mixing can reduce quality even when the recipe is correct.

Twin shaft asphalt mixers use counter-rotating shafts and mixing arms to blend aggregate, binder and filler. Mixer loading, paddle wear and mixing time all influence consistency.

Mix design should therefore be supported by plant calibration and production quality control.

What Are Common Marshall Mix Design Errors?

Common problems include:

• Non-representative aggregate samples
• Changing gradation between specimens
• Incorrect binder weighing
• Poor temperature control
• Inconsistent compaction
• Ignoring specimen dimensions
• Incorrect specific-gravity values
• Selecting binder content from stability alone
• Ignoring air voids, VMA or VFA

Reliable results depend on calibrated equipment, consistent specimen preparation and traceable calculations.

If the required asphalt type and production capacity are already defined, you can share the project data with Polygonmach to evaluate the proportioning, drying and mixing arrangement required at plant scale.

Frequently Asked Questions About Asphalt Mix Design and the Marshall Method

What does the Marshall method determine?

It compares stability, flow and volumetric properties of compacted asphalt specimens prepared at different binder contents.

What is Marshall stability?

It is the peak or defined load resistance measured during the standard Marshall loading procedure.

What is Marshall flow?

It is the deformation measured during the stability test.

Is the optimum binder content the value with the highest stability?

No. Stability, flow, air voids, VMA, VFA and specification limits need to be considered together.

Why are air voids important?

Too few air voids can increase bleeding and rutting risk, while too many can increase permeability and ageing.

Can the Marshall method be used for every asphalt mixture?

No. Its applicability depends on the standard and mixture type.

Does the plant recipe differ from the laboratory design?

The laboratory design defines the target mixture. Plant settings are calibrated to reproduce that design using full-scale equipment and actual materials.

Why is binder calibration important?

Binder-content deviations can alter stability, flow, air voids and durability.

Can Marshall testing support plant quality control?

Yes. Properly prepared plant-produced samples can be compared with design expectations to identify changes in materials or process conditions.

Where is bitumen emulsion used? Road construction, asphalt maintenance, surface treatments, cold mixes, and various waterproofing applications are among its main fields of use. Dispersing bitumen as small droplets in water allows the material to be applied at lower temperatures than hot bitumen.

The application area of bitumen emulsion varies according to the ionic structure of the emulsion, breaking rate, properties of the aggregate, and purpose of the application. A suitable emulsion type can be selected for processes ranging from protecting road surfaces to creating adhesion between layers. Cationic products are widely used in road applications, while anionic emulsions can be used for various waterproofing operations.

In Which Areas Is Bitumen Emulsion Used?

The uses of bitumen emulsions vary according to the application characteristics created by dispersing bitumen in water. Road construction and maintenance are the most common application group. The material can be used for protecting pavement surfaces, promoting adhesion between aggregate and binder, maintaining existing asphalt, or preparing cold mixes. Bitumen emulsion plants and bitumen equipment are systems designed to prepare emulsions for different application requirements under controlled conditions.

The main application areas can be listed as follows:

• Road surface treatments: They can be applied to protect existing pavement and improve surface characteristics.
• Chip seal: It can be used to create a bond between bituminous binder and aggregate.
• Slurry seal applications: It can be included in surface-maintenance mixtures prepared with fine aggregate, water, and additives.
• Fog seal: A protective treatment can be applied by spraying a thin emulsion layer onto an aged asphalt surface.
• Prime and tack applications: They can be used to support adhesion between road layers.
• Cold asphalt mixes: Bitumen emulsion can serve as the binder component in certain mixes that do not require high temperatures.
• Waterproofing applications: Suitable emulsion types can be preferred for various waterproofing uses in the construction sector.

Each application has its own emulsion requirements. Aggregate mineralogy, ambient conditions, surface condition, and application method directly affect product selection.

How Is Bitumen Emulsion Produced?

Bitumen emulsion is produced by combining bitumen, water, and an emulsifier at specified ratios. The emulsifier helps keep bitumen droplets stably dispersed in the water phase. The characteristics of the chemical used determine whether the resulting emulsion has cationic, anionic, or nonionic properties.

During production, component dosing, temperature, and mixing conditions are controlled. Asphalt plant and bitumen processing systems can include emulsion plants together with equipment for bitumen storage and handling. Achieving the required product stability is important for orderly transport and application in subsequent stages.

Bitumen Emulsion in Road Construction

In road construction, bitumen emulsion can be used at various stages, from preparing different layers to surface-treatment operations. Cationic emulsions are among the types commonly used in road applications because of their adhesion characteristics on aggregate surfaces. Product properties are selected according to road structure, aggregate type, traffic conditions, and the chosen paving method.

Main applications in road projects include:

• Chip seal applications
• Slurry seal surface treatments
• Microsurfacing work
• Tack applications between existing asphalt layers
• Prime applications
• Local road maintenance and repair work
• Cold-mix asphalt production

One important characteristic of emulsion use is that it can be processed at lower temperatures than hot bitumen. In road maintenance applications, reduced heating requirements distinguish the process structure from hot-mix production.

The existing condition of the road also plays an important role in determining the application. Protective surface treatments may be considered for pavements with minor surface deterioration, while more extensive deformation can require different rehabilitation methods. Bitumen emulsion should not be regarded as a stand-alone solution for restoring the structural load-bearing capacity of an existing pavement. The application should be planned according to the technical condition of the road and the maintenance objective.

What Should Be Considered When Selecting Bitumen Emulsion?

Bitumen emulsion selection should take into account the application area and the materials to be used. An emulsion intended for a road surface is selected according to different technical expectations from a product intended for waterproofing. Ionic character, breaking behavior, bitumen content, and compatibility with aggregate are among the main variables affecting project performance. The emulsifier used also plays a role in determining the properties of the final product.

The following criteria can be evaluated during selection:

• Application type: Chip seal, slurry seal, prime, tack, cold mix, or waterproofing may require different properties.
• Aggregate characteristics: Mineralogical properties can affect the bonding behavior of the emulsion on the aggregate surface.
• Breaking time: A working period suitable for the application and traffic plan should be determined.
• Climatic conditions: Ambient temperature, humidity, and the likelihood of precipitation should be considered in the application schedule.
• Surface condition: The cleanliness, absorbency, and deterioration level of the existing pavement should be assessed.
• Production characteristics: Bitumen, water, and emulsifier ratios should be controlled according to the required product properties.
• Storage conditions: The prepared emulsion should be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical requirements.

Subsequent application stages should also be planned when selecting the appropriate emulsion. The time required for breaking and curing after the product reaches the surface can directly affect operations such as aggregate spreading or reopening the road to traffic.

To review bitumen emulsion plants and bitumen equipment for different applications and obtain detailed information about a production system suited to project requirements, you can contact Polygonmach.